Seal Ring
Seal Ring
Did Tolkien take the idea of The One Ring, from The Seal of Solomon?
From “The Book of Solomon” (which was taken out of the old testament, because it wasn’t part of the canon), tells a first person view of how King Solomon was given a ring from the Archangel Michael. With this ring, King Solomon could control demons. To do his biding, and keep them in line of course. Did the greatest Author (J.R.R. Tolien), who ever lived. Find inspiration in The Seal of Solomon.
Favorite Inscription, of course I took out a lot, but it was irrelevant to my point:
“One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them,
One Ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them”
Your thoughts…
All of the rings of power were made with either direct assistance, or through knowledge attained from Sauron under a different guise (Annatar).
Sauron then made The One Ring, to rule them all. The rings of power that belonged to the Men, Elves and Dwarves were dependent on the One Ring, The Lord of the Rings.
The bearers of the “Nine rings for mortal men destined to die” became the Nazgul.
Sauron put so much of his own power into the One Ring that not only did the other rings of power depend on it, but so did he.
The One Ring was not intended to control demons, but to enslave the free races of Middle Earth.
The vast najoirty of Tolkiens writing is based on Northern Europe, and its mythology; Beowulf, Kalevala, Prose Edda, Tir Na Nog, The Nibelungenlied. Though Tokien wasn’t keen on Wagners version.
According to the legend of Solomons Ring that he used to control both the good and evil Djinn (Demons). Solomon lost the ring after being tricked by a Demon called Asmodeus, and then was cast 400 miles away, and he wandered as a penniless beggar for three or four years, while Asmodeus took on the form of Solomon, and ruled his kingdom as an impostor.
Asmodeus eventually threw the ring into the sea, where it was swallowed by a fish and either a fisherman caught it and found the ring and returned it to Solomon, or Solomon himself found the fish with the ring in a market.
From that last bit, Solomon’s ring does seem to have atleast one aspect similar to The One Ring, in the way it apparently tries to get back to its master.
But The One Ring appears to me, to also have much in common with the Ring in the Nibelungenlied that dooms Siegfreid.
Tolkien wrote of his concept of the One Ring:
“I should say that it was a mythical way of representing the truth that potency if it is to be exercised, and produce results, has to be externalized and so as it were passes, to a greater or lesser degree, out of one’s direct control.”
I’m not sure if he ever directly mentioned Solomon’s Ring. But as with many of Tolkiens creations, he probably used more than one source of inspiration.
It could be that The One Ring has aspects taken from Solomon’s Ring, but its far from being entirely based on it.
Edit: The One Ring was the last ring to be made. The rings for the Dwarves and Men were made with the direct assistance of Sauron.
Sauron did not assist in the making of the three Elven rings, but they were made through knowledge that came from Sauron.
So they were still dependent on the One Ring, and when the One Ring was destroyed, then everything the Elves created with their rings would also be destroyed.
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Reciprocating Seals for Hydraulic Cylinders
The most common fluids used in hydraulic systems are mineral oil based. In recent years, there has been a lot of attention paid to environmentally acceptable hydraulic fluids, but their use, so far, is limited, mainly because of their relatively high-cost compared with mineral oil. In many cases, standard reciprocating seals can be used in these fluids. Fire resistant fluids, such as high water based fluids, have applications in particular areas such as long-wall mining and have led to the evolution of specialised seals, but the vast majority of applications use hydraulic mineral oil. Two main factors affecting mineral oil based systems are cost and leakage.
This article looks at two key subjects:-
• The effect of tube finish on seal performance – the lowest cost tube may not give the desired performance
• The influence of the wiper on the leakage from the gland
THE EFFECT OF TUBE FINISH ON SEAL PERFORMANCE
A piston seal for a hydraulic cylinder is only part of the sealing system. Its life will depend on a number of factors, a major one being the nature of the surface against which it is running. Steel hydraulic cylinder tubes generally have a surface finish which is produced in one of three ways: -
• honing
• roller-burnishing
• drawing over a mandrel (DOM)
Hallite Seals have carried out major studies on the performance of double acting seals, used in both a double acting and single acting manner examining the affect of the method of tube manufacture and, hence, tube surface texture, on the performance of a typical double acting piston seal.
Cylinder Tube Manufacture
Hydraulic cylinder tubes are generally made from steel which is drawn over a mandrel (DOM). This process work hardens the material and gives it desirable mechanical properties. The final tube surface is obtained in one of three ways. In the honing process the tube is machined to gain the required roundness and bore tolerance and to remove surface imperfections, then finished by internally grinding or honing. In skived and roller-burnished tube the tube is again internally machined (skived) and flattened by rollers on the machining head. More recently drawing techniques have been developed such that the tube is considered ready to use in the as drawn state. This is known as special smooth inside diameter (SSID) or ’smooth bore’ tube.
In terms of finished tube cost the ranking starting with the cheapest is SSID DOM, roller burnished and honed. SSID DOM tube can be 30% cheaper than roller-burnished, so its attractions to the cylinder builder are obvious. However, the quality of such tubes can be an issue which could lead to premature seal failure.
The Limitations of As-Drawn (SSID) Tube
SSID tube has been found to have limitations in application, particularly where the double acting piston seal is being driven into pressure. This can happen, for instance, when the lowering of a load is being controlled by the release of fluid from the full bore. The process of manufacture of as-drawn tube results in axial scoring of the tube; in roller-burnished and honed tube, such defects are eliminated by the finishing of the tube in a circumferential direction. These axial scores can provide sites for the fluid to jet over the seal eroding the contact face, particularly when the seal is being driven into pressure. A further difficulty is that such defects are not detected by the usual methods of surface finish measurement.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE WIPER ON GLAND LEAKAGE
The gland sealing system of a hydraulic cylinder consists of a number of elements, including the seal housings, the rod seal, the rod wiper, the rod bearing, the hydraulic fluid and the rod itself. Rods are generally hard chrome plated and relatively consistent in finish. The rod wiper has the primary function of preventing external contamination reaching the rod seal and gland bearings, and for this reason is fitted to the vast majority of hydraulic cylinders. However, this component has often been omitted in the laboratory testing of reciprocating seals.
Extensive studies have been carried out on the factors affecting reciprocating seal performance including the counter-face surface finish and the effects of contamination.
Hallite Seals carried out a series of tests where the leakage performance of five different wipers working with a common polyurethane rod seal was assessed. It is shown that he wiper is an important factor in the control of leakage from the hydraulic cylinder gland. Single lip wipers can give a much greater leakage than the seal, on its own, without a wiper. This is the result of the wiping lip collecting the oil on the rod, which provides the boundary lubrication to the seal. The use of double lip wipers reduces the leakage to the level of that of a seal on its own, but there is a danger of pressure trapping between the seal and the wiper. A double lip wiper profile has been developed, which minimizes the ring of oil on the rod collected by the wiping lip, and also has a venting feature to release the oil in the case of a pressure build up between the seal and wiper.
About the Author
Hallite Seals International are an ISO 9001 accredited manufacturer and provider of Hydraulic Seals and sealing solutions to the global fluid power industry. We operate in all five continents of the world, and work with a number of major international brands – renowned for their commitment to engineering excellence.
For over 100 years Hallite Seals International has been at the cutting edge of fluid power technology, manufacturing a wide range of rod / gland, piston, and static seals, as well as support and bearing components, for technically challenging applications, from a wide range of materials which include Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Polyurethane (AU), nitrile rubbers (NBR) and Fluoro-elastomers (FKM).
